bottome



' To all whom it may concern).- I

' tween the various kinds of bearings,

are divided chiefly into two large j namely, red brass or bronze and the :5

' flnrrs -1 mm cam.

- TURNER D; BoTroME, or .noosron, NEW YoaK.

' srncmcnrxon forming as of Letters Patent ANTIFRIOTIOQN AIILILOY.

no. assess, dated October 1 1, 1892 p '""'s pneautineanttiittijea'issl. stun to. 413.411. (1% specimens- 3e itknown that I TURNER D. Borromn, a c tizen of the Uniteh States, and a resident of Hoosick, in the county of Rensselaer and- State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Antifriction Al:

. loys, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates tothat class of whitemetal alloys known more particularly under the name of-antifriction-bearing metals. In mechanics a very' exact line is drawn be-' and they groups so called white-metals or Babbitt bearings. The red-bra ss bearings are distinguished by their great hardness and power of resistance, but have a very high melting-point. Hence their use is limited by reason of the costand mechanical labor involved. in order to 'make a nod bearingfrom them. 7 White metal'sjiion tlie" other hand, have a moderately-low ineltiug bearing can be re-" point, so that a worn-out meltedand readily replaced with a new one at a small expense.-. sonably soft and compressible, they do not in- Jure the journals under any circumstances.

- of copper or White-m etal alloys for bearings are divided into two general classes, one a cheapv grade,

which consists largely of lead which forms:

the basis, and in order to-harden it a proportion of antimony is alloyed therewith in varying quantity, and sometimes a small quantity tin or both are added in order to produce certain qualities, such as rendering the alloy harder or more fusible. For the latter quality a little bismuth is often added. A few of the cheap mixtures have'zinc asa basis, but their use islimited. The general run of antifrictidn-alloys,

more costly and are better-adapted fortheir purposes than :the'ch'eaper classes as they are at present prepared. The basis of these high grade antifriction metalsis essentially metallic tin, oneof the most familiar of .these alloys being composed of eighty-five parts tin, tenof antimony, and five of copper, yet the composition varies considerably, and'other metals are sometimes added for imparting some special property. All-of these alloysmay be said to be more or less suitable forbearin'gs,

Furthermore, being reahowever, are desig vnated as high-gradeBabbitts.-' They are.

moving journ'alsheavily loaded, while others are better adapted for light-running high-;

some of them beingspecially adapted for slowupon solidification of the melted metal, thus necessitating the labor-of scraping'a fit lie-'- 'fore the bearingcan be used, and many of the metals do fairlywell if given a liberal supply of best quality lubricating-oil, which, howeyer, is ane'xpensive method of keeping abearinginseed erderreeqth r e mreiinz Beretta all Ofthe white antifriction metals is the 'fault of wearing load,coloring the oil black, and often becom ing so hot as to'actuall'y fuse.

This invention has for its object the production of a white-metal bearing suitable for heavily -loaded"journals subjected tohighv speeds and as a successful class of red-brass bearings.

' A Another object is the productionof an alloy a minimum supply of that willrun cool with substitute forthe' away rapidIyQunder Y oil of fair quality and yet wear away but slowly, having the further valuableproperty "of neither contractingnonexpand ng upon solidification of. the melted metal, et retaine' any possible form of box or bearing.

:ingp'erfeet fluidity when melted and capable of pouring to mak invention is the cheapnesswith which it can be prepared,.enabling it successfully to-compets not only with the. highgrade' antifric tionfal-loys, but also with the cheaper classes, thus placingitwithin reach of every onethat has Q-Qcasion to use bearing metals. Y

' se objects'gare obtained in thefollowing ad,'froi ngithree to sixteen parts to one This alloyforms abasis for the finishedjmetal. Usedalone it has no special advantage overanyother alloy ofits' class, it.

erz Firstgan alloy is prepared, cousistrcc -y 0. en partsof anti;

i 9o 5 The last and-most important object of this vary considerably;

5 magnesium impart properties of .ing'a property-resistin g wear by attrition, la'stl'y,the long-sought for propertyof-neither contracting nor expanding upon '"sjoliditica tionn The above-named properties account gdcompo'sition rich in magnesium.

be readily observed, to the belonging, as may In order that this cheap alloy cheap class.

will attain its maximum and valuableproperties it must-be tempered. The chief feature and merit of this invention metals, even in very small quantities, imparts to them remarkable properties. The proportion of this metal in the finished alloy may but as a rule an alloy con taining from one to ten parts of magnesium to one thousand of the basis or lead alloy described produces the best-quality bearings.

Magnesium is a very light metal. Its specific gravity is 1.7, being seven times lighter than lead. It has the property of burning with 2.

- .most intense white light when the pure' metal is heated to redness in the air, and, like the metal aluminium, itis of great tensile strength and toughness, which it imparts to its alloys. It has the property of forming alloys with I most ofth base metals, including lead, antimony, and tin.- These metals used together -and;alloyedeven with a minute quantity of a totallydissimilar character from those as-ordinarily known. In fact, a new metal has been. produced, having properties belonging tono other metal or alloy hithertoknownto science. These properties are hardness, toughness,'great resistance to compression, malleability, fusibility, great cohesiveness,-impartfor the great and" decided superiority of this 'metal over all others of its class for antifrics tion purposes.

per the cheap lead alloyit is necessary to L introduce a certain quantity of magnesium.

-Asordi'narily metals are introduced to form alloys by simply putting them in the melted mixture,-the extreme lightness of this metal would cause it to float onthe surface, and

. thus take fire. Hence another mode must be It is for this reason: that I prefer to special tempering-alloy of known Preferably this tempering-al-loy is prepared by melting form v lie in the discovery I have made-that the metal mag-1 nesium added-to any of the'ordinary bearing and,

In order, therefore, to tem-,

of magnesium in a closed vessel free from oxygen and preferablyin an atmosphere of hydrogen. However, the tempering-alloy-may be prepared with lead or with a smallquantity of the base alloy direct. I do notlimit myself to any particular process or method of forming it nor to any specified proportionsof metal in the said tempering-alloy. So long as the metal magnesium is'present it is sufficient for the purpose, and it matters butlittle how it gets into the finished composition. The tempering-'alloy'thus prepared isthen added to the base alloy (previously melted to fluidity) by forcing the tempering below the surface of the molten metal. Certain other metals may be introduced into the'alloy, but apparently with no particular advantages over the composition as herein given. I do not limit the scope of the invention merely to an alloy tent of magnesium,

follows:

of lead, antimony,

but include other alloys of this general class, and especially the white antifricti0n--metals as a generic class when such contain a suflicien't content of magnesium to alter their properties in such a way as to make them better adapted as bearing. metals. Having thus described the characteristics peculiar to antifriction alloys containing magnesium, what I-claim as my invention is as i 1. An antifriction alloy' consisting of lead, antimony, tin, and magnesium, as described. '2. An antifriction alloy consisting of eight hundred parts of lead, one hundred and fifty parts of antimony, fifty parts of tin, 'and two parts of magnesium. .3. An antifriction alloy consisting of'three and tin with a small con-- to sixteen parts of-lead, one to ten parts of antimony,-one part of tin, more or less, and one to ten'parts of magnesium to each one thousand parts of first-named metals when mixed together, substantially as described..

. Signed at Hoosick, selaer and State of New York, this 26th day of December, A. D. 1891.

TURNER D. BQTTOME.

Witnesses:

A. H. HAWKS, J. S.BALL.

in the county of Rens- 5 

